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Land area: 11,672 sq mi (30,230 sq km); total area: 11,787 sq mi (30,528 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 10,449,361 (growth rate: 0.05%); birth rate: 9.99/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.18/1000; life expectancy: 79.92
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Brussels, 1.949 million
Other large city: Antwerp 959,000 (2011)
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Belgian franc)
National name: Royaume de Belgique?Koninkrijk Belgi
Languages: Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)
Ethnicity/race: Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Religion: Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%
National Holiday: Ascension to the Throne of King Leopold I, July 21
Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.)
Background:
Belgium became independent from the Netherlands after a nationalist revolt in 1830. Occupied and devastated during both world wars, Belgium formed the Benelux Customs Union with the Netherlands and Luxembourg in 1948 and became a founding member of the EEC.
Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy.

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