VACCINE | Regions Where the Vaccine is Recommended | HOW DISEASE SPREADS |
---|---|---|
COVID 19 Vaccines | All countries | Airborne & Direct Contact |
Hepatitis A vaccine, inactivated | All low- and middle-income countries | Contaminated Food or Wate |
Hepatitis B vaccine | All low- and middle-income countries (hepatitis B is particularly common in China) | Contaminated Body Fluids (Sex, needles, etc.) |
Japanese encepha litis vaccine | Rural areas throughout most of Asia and South Asia, particularly in areas with rice and pig farming | Mosquito-borne |
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MenACWY-D) | Northern Sub-Saharan Africa from Mali to Ethiopia (the meningitis belt)Throughout the world, especially in crowded living situations (such as dormitories) | Airborne or Direct Contact |
Polio vaccine, inactivated | Afghanistan and Pakistan are the only polio-endemic countries in the world .Several countries have additional precautionary polio vaccination travel requirements, includimg China, Indonesia, Mozambique, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea. |
Contaminated Food or Wate |
Rabies vaccine (human diploid cell) | All countries | Infected Animals |
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine | From central, eastern and northern Europe, across Russia to parts of eastern Asia, mainly in non-tropical regions | Spread mainly through tick bites |
Typhoid vaccine | All low-income countries, especially in South Asia (including India) | Contaminated Food or Water |
Yellow fever | Tropical South America and tropical Africa | Mosquito-borne |
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection spread mainly through tick bites.
- Pfizer vaccine
There are many tropical diseases for which no vaccination is yet available. These include:
It is important that pregnant women also receive the necessary vaccinations before the trip. However, the use of some vaccines during pregnancy is not safe.
As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, COVID-19 vaccines have proven to be safe, effective and life-saving.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended if you travel to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common, especially if you are doing activities that increase the risk of infection.
Many travel vaccines require multiple shots or take time to become fully effective.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by a virus that's spread through mosquito bites.
What is polio?
Polio, also known as Poliomyelitis, is a highly contagious disease caused by poliovirus (PV). The infection typically spreads in areas with poor water and sewage sanitation; wild poliovirus is found in this type of environment and puts unvaccinated people at risk.
Many travel illnesses can be prevented with vaccinations and a little caution.
What is rabies?
Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus which only affects mammals. You can get rabies if you are bitten or scratched by an animal with rabies.
The meningitis belt is a region in sub-Saharan Africa where the rate of incidence of meningococcal meningitis is very high.
It consists of part of or all of (from West to East), the Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea.
What Is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a virus affecting the liver. It usually spreads through contaminated food or water. Unlike other forms of hepatitis, A cannot become a chronic infection.
Symptoms often appear two to six weeks after exposure. This means a traveler can visit a country and return not knowing they’re infected.
What Is Yellow Fever?
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease present in Africa and South America. The infection can range from mild to severe. Vaccination is the best protection against this virus.
What Is Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever, or typhoid, spreads through contaminated food or water. Caused by Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever is an acute illness infecting about 21.5 million people worldwide.
What Is Cholera?
Cholera is a bacterial infection found in food or water sources contaminated with feces (poop). Over 600 million people throughout the globe are at risk of contracting cholera. Between 3 and 5 million cases are reported each year accounting for over 100,000 deaths. Cholera cases are often under reported.
If you're planning to travel outside the country, you may need to be vaccinated against some of the serious diseases found in other parts of the world.
Vaccinations are not just for children. Adults need to keep their vaccinations up to date because immunity from childhood vaccines can wear off over time.
Source: travel.gc.ca - The Government of Canada’s official website.